منابع مشابه
Proton translocation in proteins.
The active transport of protons across the low dielectric barrier imposed by biological membranes is accomplished by a plethora of proteins that span the ca. 40 ~ of the phospholipid bilayer. The free energy derived from the proton electrochemical potential established by the translocation of these protons can subsequently be used to drive vital chemical reactions of the cell, such as ATP synth...
متن کاملPrimary photochemical event in vision: proton translocation.
Picosecond studies of rhodopsin in low-temperature glasses have been carried out in order to observe directly the risetime of prelumirhodopsin, the first intermediate in the visual pathway. Only at 20 K or below can the risetime of this intermediate be resolved and even at 4 K it is astoundingly rapid, about 36 psec. An examination of the Arrhenius dependence on temperature of the rate of forma...
متن کامل(proton pumps/proton translocation/chemiosmosis/acid membranes/acid-anions)
Evidence has been gathering from several laboratories that protons in proton-pumping membranes move along or within the bilayer rather than exchange with the bulk phase. These experiments are typically conducted on the natural membrane in vivo or in vitro or on fragments of natural membrane. Anionic lipids are present in all proton-pumping membranes. Model studies on the protonation state of th...
متن کاملFlagellar movement driven by proton translocation.
The bacterial flagellar motor couples ion flow to rotary motion at high speed and with apparently fixed stoichiometry. The functional properties of the motor are quite well understood, but its molecular mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies of motor physiology, coupled with mutational and biochemical studies of the components, put significant constraints on the mechanism. Rotation is probab...
متن کاملTranslocation of proteins into mitochondria.
About 10% to 15% of the nuclear genes of eukaryotic organisms encode mitochondrial proteins. These proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and recognized by receptors on the surface of mitochondria. Translocases in the outer and inner membrane of mitochondria mediate the import and intramitochondrial sorting of these proteins; ATP and the membrane potential are used as energy sources. Chaperone...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
سال: 1989
ISSN: 0066-426X
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.40.1.671